Impact of Privatization on Lebanese Economy

Privatization of government services is the action that has been taken by local, state, and federal governments to allow private companies to offer their service instead. However, issues have aroused on the benefits and limitations of privatization on the well-being of its people. This study aimed at examining the impact of privatization on Lebanese economy. The paper will seek to answer if the Lebanese government can use this analogy to solve a plethora of issues that the economy is currently battling. The research used mixed method approach where data was collected following both qualitative and quantitative research strategies. A survey collecting data from the management of both privatized firms and government firms was used to come up with the results. The research also looked into the financial and operation performance of the already privatized firms to assess the performance over time. The telecommunication sector which was the first privatized industry is used as the benchmark of this study. The research found out that privatization is a double-edged sword that impacts the social wellbeing both positively and negatively. Regarding solving the ongoing financial and economic crisis, privatization seems to be an effective tool as it will reduce the administrative power of the management and thus lower the level of corruption in the economy which is one of the major contributions of the undergoing crisis. Keywords: Privatization, Lebanon, Lebanese crisis, telecommunication sector DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-8-06 Publication date: April 30th 202

Role of SMEs in Lebanese Economy

In Lebanon, the majority of organizations work as Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs play an important role in the monetary improvement of numerous countries. This paper utilizes current viewpoints to analyze the variables influencing venture, efficiency and development of SMEs in Lebanon. It explores main factors affecting investment and productivity as follows: flexibility,customers and employee’s relations, motivation of the owners, education of the labour force, access to infrastructure, access to finance, size of firms and other business climate variables. Other business climate variables are insecurity, bribe or corruption, the amount of time that businesses spend dealing with government regulation, poor power availability, etc. The most concerning issue for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is not the idea or the product provided and neither its customers, but their needs. High costs of operations and office space are basics to the survival of a private venture. Incubators come as a reaction to the necessities of SMEs in key strides of a business, for example, commencement and market entrance. An incubator aims to have a positive effect on the economic health of an area, of a community even on a country

Lignocellulose Improves Protein and Amino Acid Digestibility in Roosters and Egg Hatchability in Broiler Breeders

The present work assessed the effect of supplementation of 0.8% dietary Arbocel® RC Fine, a readily available commercial lignocellulose, to poultry feed. In a complete randomized design using 36 individually caged mature dubbed Hy-Line roosters (aged 55 weeks) grouped in 4 treatments with 9 birds per treatment, a digestibility trial was performed to determine apparent and true metabolizable energy values along with digestibility coefficients of protein and amino acid in Arbocel® containing diets. Results showed that 0.8% Arbocel® supplemented diets improved protein digestibility by 6% (P<0.05). Additionally, Arbocel® caused an increase in apparent and true amino acid digestibility in roosters when compared to control diets and controls with 0.8% wheat bran (WB) supplementation. In a second experiment, 26,000 layers and 2,600 roosters aged 33 weeks (Ross 308 broiler breeder strain) were maintained in 6 poultry houses at a commercial breeding farm, with an average of 4330 layers and 433 roosters per house. Performance, egg grade, and hatchability rate were assessed over a post peak period of 6 months. Compared to the control group fed the 0.8% WB diet, the 0.8% lignocellulose dietary supplementation resulted in a decrease (P<0.05) in percent infertility leading to an average increase of 4.07% (P<0.05) in egg hatchability. The Arbocel® fed group had 3.8 more eggs per housed hen compared to control birds. Overall, Arbocel® supplementation at 0.8% resulted in the production of 5.7 more saleable chicks per housed hen during the 6 months trial, a sizeable profit to the farmer